This tracker never decides who was responsible. A Russian link is shown only when a named government, intelligence or security agency, police force, prosecutor, NATO or EU institution has said so on the record, with a link to that source.
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Incident map
Officially attributedOfficially suspectedPossible connectionDisputedNo attribution
Latest incidents
Most recent first. Every Russian attribution links to its official source.
How attribution is recorded
Each incident carries one of five attribution statuses. The status only ever reflects what an official body has said on the record.
- Officially attributed to Russia
- A named government, intelligence or security agency, police force, prosecutor, NATO or EU institution has formally attributed this incident to Russia or a Russian state actor.
- Russian involvement officially assessed / suspected
- An official body has stated that Russian involvement is suspected or assessed as likely, without a formal attribution.
- Possible Russian connection
- An official body has said a Russian connection is one line of inquiry, or is investigating a possible link. Nothing has been concluded.
- Attribution disputed
- Official bodies disagree about attribution, or an earlier official attribution has been publicly contested or withdrawn.
- No official attribution
- No official body has linked this incident to Russia. It is listed because it affects a sector repeatedly targeted in hybrid-threat activity.